Ο Τάραντας(Taranto) είναι μια ιστορική πόλη στην νοτιοανατολική Ιταλία, στην περιοχή της Απουλίας, γνωστή για το στρατηγικό της λιμάνι και την πλούσια πολιτιστική κληρονομιά. Η πόλη, που βρίσκεται στην ακτή του Ιονίου, έχει ιστορία που χρονολογείται από την αρχαιότητα, καθώς υπήρξε σημαντική ελληνική αποικία, γνωστή ως Τάρας. Σήμερα, ο Τάραντας διατηρεί πολλά αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα από τη ρωμαϊκή και ελληνική εποχή, όπως το αρχαίο θέατρο και το Μουσείο του Τάραντα. Η πόλη είναι επίσης γνωστή για το μεσαιωνικό της κάστρο, το Castello Aragonese, και για την πανέμορφη παραλιακή της περιοχή. Ο Τάραντας συνδυάζει παραδοσιακή ιταλική ατμόσφαιρα με σύγχρονη ζωή, προσφέροντας στους επισκέπτες μοναδικές εμπειρίες γαστρονομίας, καθώς τα θαλασσινά είναι τοπική σπεσιαλιτέ.
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Taranto is a historic city in southeastern Italy, located in the Apulia region, known for its strategic harbor and rich cultural heritage. The city, situated on the Ionian Sea, has a history dating back to ancient times, as it was an important Greek colony known as Taras. Today, Taranto preserves many archaeological sites from both the Roman and Greek eras, such as the ancient theater and the Taranto Museum. The city is also famous for its medieval castle, the Castello Aragonese, and its beautiful waterfront. Taranto combines traditional Italian charm with modern life, offering visitors unique gastronomic experiences, with seafood being a local specialty.
The city has developed on a small island within the local lagoon and on the surrounding coasts. It is the capital of the eponymous province and has a population of 201,349 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. Taranto is an important commercial port and the main base of the Italian Navy.
Taranto was the only colony of Sparta in Magna Graecia. It was founded in 706 BC by Phalanthus. Spartan settlers established themselves there. The colonists named the city after the hero Taras, the son of the god Poseidon and a local nymph.
Taranto evolved into a dominant city in Southern Italy, gradually asserting its control over neighboring cities. It also became a very important commercial center in the western Mediterranean. Taranto's dominance in Southern Italy was threatened in the 3rd century BC by the Romans, prompting it to ally with King Pyrrhus of Epirus to face them. The Romans eventually captured the city a few years after the Pyrrhic Wars, in 272 BC. After capturing the city, the Romans destroyed its walls. During the Second Punic War, Taranto suffered great destruction at the hands of Hannibal's army.
The city of Taranto remained significant throughout most of its medieval history. During this period, it experienced many different conquerors. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Ostrogoths dominated the region of Italy. The Ostrogoths were defeated in 540 AD by the army of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and Italy became part of the Byzantine Empire.
After the Byzantines, the Lombards, who dominated much of Italy, took over. The Taranto area was once again captured by the Byzantines, but in the 8th and 9th centuries, it was under the control of the Arab Saracens for extended periods. It was finally conquered by the Normans around 1060 AD.
After the Normans, the city became part of the Kingdom of Naples. In the mid-18th century, it is reported that the population exceeded 11,000 inhabitants.
Taranto became part of the modern Italian state in 1860, when the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies united with the newly established Italian state.
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