Alberobello, in Apulia, with its "Trulli," is one of the 51 Italian sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The name comes from the Greek word troúlos, meaning "dome," and refers to the ancient conical structures of prehistoric origin. The stone used for the buildings was sourced from the limestone plateau of Murgia. The "Trulli," which are mainly found in the Itria Valley, located between the provinces of Brindisi, Bari, and Taranto, are still used today for housing.
Ξηρά δόμηση, χωρίς κονίαμα, φαίνεται να έχουν επιβληθεί στους αγρότες κατά τον δέκατο πέμπτο αιώνα από τους Counts της Conversano, να ξεφύγουν από ένα διάταγμα του Βασιλείου της Νάπολης που επέβάλε φόρους σε κάθε νέο αστικό οικισμό. Τα κτίρια ήταν τόσο επισφαλής εύκολα στην κατεδάφιση και δεν φορολογούνταν. Στην πραγματικότητα, τα "Trulli" είναι αβέβαια, αλλά επισφαλής: η εσωτερική δομή, έστω και χωρίς στοιχεία στήριξης και σύνδεσης, στην πραγματικότητα, έχουν μια εξαιρετική στατική ικανότητα.
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Dry-stone construction, without the use of mortar, is believed to have been imposed on the farmers in the 15th century by the Counts of Conversano, in order to evade a decree of the Kingdom of Naples, which imposed taxes on every new urban settlement. The buildings were deliberately precarious and easy to dismantle, and therefore not subject to taxation. In reality, the Trulli may appear unstable, but they are far from it: despite lacking support and connecting elements, their internal structure demonstrates exceptional static strength.
Η κατασκευή των "Trulli¨ είναι περίπου κυκλική με βάση το φυσικό βράχο που ενώνει τη βαριά τοιχοποιία με ασβέστη. Σε γενικές γραμμές, τα "Trulli " είναι αρθρωτές μονάδες: οι εσωτερικοί χώροι κατανέμονται γύρω από το κεντρικό διαμέρισμα. Το πάχος των τοίχων και η έλλειψη παραθύρων εξασφαλιστεί η βέλτιστη θερμική ισορροπία: ζεστασιά το χειμώνα και δροσερό το καλοκαίρι.
The construction of the Trulli is approximately circular, built on the natural rock which connects the heavy limestone masonry. In general, the Trulli are modular units: the interior spaces are arranged around a central room. The thickness of the walls and the absence of windows ensure optimal thermal balance warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
The roof consists of a pseudo-dome with horizontal limestone slabs arranged in progressively smaller concentric circles – the so-called chianche (inside) and the thinner chiancarelle (outside). A significant feature is the cornerstone, often decorated with esoteric symbols. The "Trulli" are a unique example of ancient construction that still survives and is in use today. Visiting the remarkable Alberobello feels like traveling to a place where time stands still.
The origin of the first "Trulli" dates back to prehistoric times. During this period, they already existed in the Valle d'Itria and were used for burial purposes. However, the oldest "Trulli" found today in Alberobello date back to the 14th century. The area was uninhabited until then, when it was assigned to the first Count of Conversano for services provided during the Crusades, by Robert d'Anjou, Prince of Taranto and later King of Naples from 1309 to 1343.
According to some studies, however, as early as the year 1000, rural settlements were built on both sides of the river that now flows underground. Dry-stone construction, without mortar, was imposed on the new settlers so that their houses could be easily dismantled an effective way to avoid the taxation on new settlements imposed by the Kingdom of Naples. Most historians, however, agree that this building technique was also due to the geographical conditions of the area, which was rich in limestone used in construction.
Around 1620, Alberobello developed the characteristics of an independent settlement from the nearby Noci, with a population of about 3,500 by the late 18th century. In 1797, the village was granted the title of royal city by Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, King of Naples. Its current name originates from the medieval Latin of the region, "Arboris Silva," meaning "beautiful wooded area."
http://www.italia.it/it/scopri-litalia/puglia/poi/la-storia-dei-trulli-di-alberobello.html
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