4-6-2021
The castle of ancient Sami is located on the hills of Paleokastro and Agioi Fanentes, on an elevated site overlooking the bay of the same name. It is built to the east of the modern settlement of Sami in Kefalonia, between two hills that naturally fortified the area. Ancient Sami was one of the four city-states of Kefalonia (“Tetrapolis”), with its own currency and strong autonomy, known from the Classical period to Roman times. The earliest reference to Sami appears in Homer and the Trojan War, while Thucydides also mentions it as one of the four autonomous cities of Kefalonia with its own coinage. The surviving fortification works are characteristic examples of ancient defensive architecture. Around the site, stone walls remain, built on rocky terrain, extending along the southern and northern slopes, as well as the coastline. The remains of buildings show the city's level of organization and prosperity, while archaeological findings confirm the strong presence of the city over the centuries until its final abandonment. The East Gate of Paleokastro features a corridor approximately 14 meters long and 1.3 meters wide. On the hill of Agioi Fanentes, a square tower (~10×10 meters) can be seen, showcasing early examples of archaic fortification techniques. The acropolis underwent successive expansions of its walls between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC, to protect both the hilltop and the coastal area. Inside, one can still see the remains of towers, water cisterns, traces of stone-built structures, possible covered walkways (stoas), as well as remnants of an ancient theater and rich tombs dating to the 3rd century BC. Ancient Sami was an independent city-state with a fortified acropolis and a strong economy. In 188 BC, it was besieged by the Romans, resulting in the loss of its autonomy. However, it experienced a revival that lasted until the 3rd century AD. Later, during the Byzantine era, the fortifications were reinforced, and the area remained inhabited. The Monastery of Agioi Fanentes was incorporated within the old fortifications, even using parts of the ancient walls. The site is open to visitors and accessible either by car or on foot, with a hiking trail from the center of Sami village(the hike takes about 2.5 hours). It offers breathtaking views of the Ionian Sea and the surrounding hills, along with significant remains of ancient fortifications, private baths, and Roman-era tunnels. Nearby, you will also find the Monastery of Agioi Fanentes, which holds both archaeological and religious significance, as well as waterfalls, walking trails, and natural beauty. A visit is highly recommended, as it represents a rare example of continuous historical occupation from antiquity through the medieval period. It combines architectural, military, and religious features within one complex and offers stunning views and walking routes, ideal for photography and historical exploration.
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