Spinalonga is a small island, about 2.5 square kilometers in size, located in the Gulf of Elounda, in eastern Crete. The island lies just a few meters from the coast of Elounda and is a unique historical and cultural destination. During the Venetian period (13th–17th centuries), Spinalonga served as a military fortress. The Venetians built strong walls and towers to protect the area from pirates and the Ottomans. Its ancient name was Kalydon, but after its capture by the Venetians, because they often heard the local expression “Stin Elounda” (meaning "to Elounda") and could not understand it, they adapted it and named the island in Latin “Spina Lunga” (pronounced “Spina Loonga”), which means “long thorn.” Through this alteration, the island acquired its current name. The most well-known chapter of Spinalonga’s history begins in the early 20th century. In 1903, the Greek government decided to convert the island into an isolated leper colony in order to limit the spread of leprosy to the rest of the island and Greece in general. For more than five decades (1903–1957), Spinalonga hosted leprosy patients from all over Greece and other countries. The lepers lived isolated from society under strict restrictions, but within this difficult environment, they created an autonomous community. They built houses, churches, schools, and places of worship, giving life and meaning to the island despite the adverse conditions. Life on Spinalonga was harsh but also filled with solidarity and efforts to maintain dignity. The patients worked wherever they could, engaged in agricultural production, and developed various social activities. Monks and doctors also played a significant role in caring for and assisting the patients. In 1957, the leper colony was closed, as leprosy had become treatable with modern medicine. The patients were transferred to mainland Greece and the island was abandoned. Since then, Spinalonga has remained almost intact, preserving the buildings and infrastructure from that era. Today, the island is a popular tourist destination. Visitors can explore the historic ruins, see the houses, churches, and communal buildings, and learn about the poignant history of the island through museums and guided tours. Spinalonga has been designated a historic monument and stands as a symbol of human endurance, hope, and solidarity in the face of disease and social exclusion. At the same time, the island has inspired works of art, literature, and films, keeping the memory of this period alive.
Ο Ενετός χαρτογράφος Βιντσέντσο Κορονέλλι υποστηρίζει πως η Σπιναλόγκα δεν ήταν πάντα νησί, αλλά ήταν φυσικά ενωμένη με την γειτονική χερσόνησο Κολοκύθα. Αναφέρει πως το 1526, οι Ενετοί κατέστρεψαν μέρος της χερσονήσου και δημιούργησαν το νησί. Λόγω της τοποθεσίας του το νησί ήταν ήδη οχυρωμένο από την αρχαιότητα προκειμένου να προστατευθεί η είσοδος στο λιμάνι της αρχαίας πόλης Όλους.
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