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Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece in terms of both population and area. It is often referred to as the "co-capital" of Greece. It serves as the seat of the municipality of Thessaloniki, the Thessaloniki Regional Unit, the Central Macedonia Region, and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Since its founding by Cassander, Thessaloniki has evolved from a prosperous Hellenistic city to a multicultural metropolis during Ottoman rule, capitalizing on its strategic location. Since 1912, following the end of the Balkan Wars and its integration into the modern Greek state, Thessaloniki has been Greece's second-largest city. The city's foundation during the Hellenistic period coincides with a critical phase in the history of the Kingdom of Macedon, beginning with the untimely death of Alexander the Great and the subsequent power struggles for the throne among his successors. General Cassander, aiming to claim the Macedonian throne, married Alexander’s half-sister, Thessalonike, in whose honor he founded the city by merging 26 small towns located around the Thermaic Gulf.
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